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Loan to equity conversion agreement: Key legal issues to note

In the context of increasingly diversified capital-raising needs, many enterprises opt to convert foreign loans into equity as a solution to reducing debt burdens while simultaneously attracting strategic investors. However, this is a transaction with a complex legal structure, directly involving regulations on investment, foreign exchange management, share issuance, and corporate procedures. If implemented without...
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Establishing a foreign-invested enterprise operating in the E-commerce field

Currently, with the rapid advancement of technology, purchasing goods and connecting for service provision via e-commerce platforms have become familiar to Vietnamese consumers. Consequently, a significant number of foreign investors are seeking to invest in Vietnam to conduct e-commerce service business. Thus, what conditions must foreign investors satisfy, and what procedures must they carry out,...
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Legal consequences in the case that a shareholder fails to fully pay for the shares subscribed upon the establishment of a joint stock company

The full and timely payment of the shares subscribed is a mandatory obligation of shareholders upon the establishment of a joint stock company. Under the Law on Enterprises 2020, failure to perform this obligation not only gives rise to the shareholder’s liabilities but also places the company in a position where it must carry out...
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Preferential and support policies for science and technology enterprises under current regulations

A Science and Technology Enterprise (“STE”) is an enterprise engaged in activities such as research, development, technology transfer, and innovation, possessing the capability to absorb, master, and effectively apply technology to generate economic, social, and environmental benefits. In order to promote scientific and technological advancement, international integration and progress toward a new era, the Party...
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Conditions and procedures for the issuance of the Certificate of Science and Technology enterprise

On October 14, 2025, the Government promulgated Decree No. 268/2025/ND-CP, detailing and guiding the implementation of several provisions of the Law on Science, Technology and Innovation regarding innovation; encouraging scientific, technological, and innovative activities in enterprises; recognizing innovation centers and startup support centers; recognizing individuals and innovative startup enterprises; and establishing infrastructure, networks, ecosystems for...
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Is the owner of a single-member limited liability company entitled to withdraw capital before fully contributing the registered charter capital?

During the course of business operations, it is not uncommon for the owner of a single-member limited liability company to wish to withdraw capital previously contributed to the company. In practice, however, a frequent issue arises: after registering the establishment of the company or registering an increase in charter capital, the owner has not yet...
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